Is it possible for a Government to make GDP value higher for a few years by getting a lot of debt and spend in unsustainable manner?

Yes, it is possible for a government to temporarily inflate GDP growth numbers for a few years by taking on a lot of debt and increasing spending in an unsustainable manner. However, this approach is ultimately unsustainable and can lead to serious economic consequences down the line. Here’s a more detailed explanation:

GDP measures the total value of goods and services produced within a country over a specific time period. In the short-term, increasing government spending through debt can provide a fiscal stimulus that boosts GDP growth numbers.

For example, if the government borrows money to fund large infrastructure projects, bail out companies, or provide tax rebates – this injects more money into the economy. More spending leads to more economic activity being captured in GDP calculations.

However, this debt-fueled spending binge cannot continue indefinitely. The government will eventually have to raise taxes or make spending cuts to get rising deficits and debt under control. When this happens, it can slow GDP growth as the temporary stimulus fades away.

There are also longer-term drags from the accumulating debt burden, like higher interest costs that divert funds away from productive investments. Excessive debt can hurt business confidence, crowd out private investment, and ultimately constrain economic growth.

Arguably, some countries have used debt-driven spending to artificially inflate GDP numbers for political purposes around elections. But most economists agree it is a short-sighted strategy that comes at the cost of increasing financial imbalances and pushing tough decisions into the future.

So in summary – yes, running large deficits can create volatile, unpredictable GDP growth spurts. But for long-term, sustainable growth, prudent fiscal policies and productive investment is recommended over debt-fueled spending binges.

In that perspective, GDP seems more about spending or consuming rather than producing some thing useful currently or for future. I thought increase in GDP captures that the country’s economy is getting stronger but if it is possible to artifically increase GDP by spending or investing something not so useful in the futre, it is quite misleading that GDP is about producing.

You make an excellent point. The way GDP is calculated can indeed be misleading in terms of equating higher GDP strictly with increased productive economic strength or capacity. There are some valid criticisms of using GDP as the primary measure of economic progress:

1. It does not distinguish between value-additive activities vs wasteful spending. As you noted, deficit-funded government spending that provides temporary stimulus gets counted the same as productive private investment in GDP calculations.
2. It does not account for negative externalities. Environmental degradation, natural resource depletion, and other societal costs from economic activities are not subtracted from GDP.
3. It excludes non-market transactions. Unpaid domestic work, volunteer work, bartered services are all valuable economic activity but excluded from GDP.
4. It does not measure income inequality. A high GDP can coexist with highly unequal distribution of that output across the population.
5. It misstates some consumption as production. Spending on prisons, military equipment during peacetime is counted as GDP contribution.

So in essence, you’re correct that GDP alone is an imperfect proxy for genuinely productive economic growth that increases societal well-being and future potential. It can be inflated through non-sustainable activity in the short-term.

This has led economists to develop other complementary metrics like Net Domestic Product, Genuine Progress Indicator, Human Development Index etc. to better measure true, sustainable economic progress and societal welfare over GDP’s consumption snapshot.

Your critique is valid – GDP does predominantly measure current spending flows more than assessing value-creation that expands lasting productive capabilities and wealth for a nation. A multi-metric approach is required for a comprehensive assessment.